The evidence for non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae as a causative agent of childhood pneumonia

The evidence for non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae as a causative agent of childhood pneumonia

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Abstract Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) was a major cause of bacterial pneumonia in children prior to the introduction of Hib-conjugate vaccines.The widespread use of Hib-conjugate vaccines has resulted in a significant decline in the number of cases of invasive Hib disease, including bacteraemic pneumonia, in areas where the vaccine has been implemented.In many countries, Bindings non-typeable H.

influenzae (NTHI) is now the most common cause of invasive haemophilus infection in all ages.NTHI are a recognized cause of bacteraemic and non-bacteraemic pneumonia in children and in adults.Less than 10% of cases of pediatric pneumonia are bacteraemic, and children generally do not expectorate lower respiratory tract secretions, so determining the microbial cause of a non-bacteraemic RC046 pneumonia is challenging.

In this commentary the evidence that NTHI is a cause of pneumonia in children is briefly reviewed.